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Differences Between Services And Manufacturing Organizations

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Differences Between Services Manufacturing Organizations

Differences Between Services And Manufacturing Industry

The main differences between services and manufacturing organizations are the tangibility of their output; The purpose of a firm's service, such as consulting, training or maintenance, is intangible. while the manufacturers create physical goods that customers can see and touch. Services organization firms, do not hold inventory like manufacturing industry; they do the job when the client requires it. Manufacturing industry produce goods for stock, with inventory levels varying in advance of market demand. Some manufacturers maintain minimum stock levels, relying on the accuracy of demand forecasting and their production capacity to meet demand in a timely manner. Inventory also determines the cost of manufacturing orders.

Services industry do not provide a service unless the customer requires it, even if they explain the scope and content of the plans and duties of any of the parties in advance. The services industry recruits people with specific knowledge and skills to deliver the specific types of services and intensive training, which cannot be easily automated, although knowledge management systems enable a level of knowledge capture and communication. while Manufacturing industry can automate many of their production processes to reduce labor requirements, although some manufacturing organizations are labor intensive, especially in countries where labor is cheaper. The services industry operation does not require a physical manufacturing site. For example, global firms such as Deloitte consultants use communication networks to access skills and knowledge from servicess around the world. manufacturing industry must have a place for their production operations and holding the stocks.

Objective Of Services And Manufacturing Organizations

Service and manufacturing industry organizations both require a strategy to meet customer demand. Both service and manufacturing industries business operations are for the satisfying to customers, and their requirements. the principle or strategy of the services and manufacturing organizations are the same, that is put the right products at the right time to meet the customer's needs. Design-making in the services and manufacturing organizations are typically more complex because of physical movement and material processing. Both service and manufacturing companies have the goal of satisfying the customer's needs. The ability to maintain adequate demand is one of the great challenges of operations management. Demand planning depends on a certain forecast; In some industries, customers will partner with the company to help create a forecast. In most cases, forecasting is generated through historical analytical inquiry, marketing and sales forecasts based on current and expected future conditions. The purpose of forecasting is to prepare to meet the right demand of the customer. Over-predicting results in waste and under-predicting orders and customer dissatisfaction.

Manufacturing industry organizations operations plan to have materials, personnel, resources, and equipment all ready at the right time to complete marketable goods. Many manufacturing companies use a version of Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP-II), using a resource schedule to schedule all the resources required at the right time. Service in organization operations will also require some equipment and supplies, its key considerations are planning process at right times. The primary input to process services is mainly labor.

Production Management Operations Management Differences

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Production Management Operations Management

The main differences between Production Management and Operations Management in the field of business purpose is to produce goods and services for the necessity of customers purposes. Production Management and Technical Operations are technical terms that are encountered most frequently by students of Management and Commerce. Both of these words are related to the manufacturing process.

What is Production Management?

Production management is a field of study that deals with planning, organizing, controlling and directing production activities. It deals with the conversion of raw materials into finished goods and also with determining the quality of the finished good. Its primary objective is to produce goods and services that are of the right quality, quantity and time at the lowest cost. The government is also helps of the production agency as follows and making flexible policies for the organizations helps to achieve their production goals. It helps to maintain goodwill, reputation and image in the market. The It introduces new products in the market. It makes the best use of all the resources of production.

What is Operations Management?

Operations management is a field of study that deals with the monitoring, planning and operations of businesses. The main purpose of operations management is to increase the quality of business operations. It is delivery-focused, which means the emphasis is on successfully converting inputs into outputs in the most efficient manner. Operations management involves the management of production, manufacturing and provision of services in an organization. Operations management focuses more on processes and how they can be optimized to minimize wastage of resources. The following main major points will highlight the main differences between management and production and operations management. It will help the students to understand the idea in a better way.

Production Management Operation Management Definitions

Production management is about managing the activities related to production only. Area of Decision Making For the purposes of production only related to the regular business activities. operation management is born in enterprises where production is undertaken. It is found in places like Banks, Hospitals, Companies, etc., which provide a service. the requirements of capital is needed for both while, More capital requirement initially needed for the production and Fewer capital requirements for the operations.

What Is Ethical Hacking

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Ethical Hacking

What is ethical hacking?

Ethical hacking is a security assessment, in which proactive work is done to increase the security of the organization. With prior approval from the organization or owner of IT companies, the purpose of ethical hacking is opposed to malicious hacking. ethical hacking is done through ethical hacking, known as "white hairs", ethical hackers are security experts who carry out these security assessment activities of an organization or company. Doing proactive work helps to improve the security posture of the organization. With prior approval from the organization or IT asset owner, ethical hacking is the opposite of malicious hacking. Ethical Hackers are working with some of the best and largest companies across industries such as healthcare, finance, government, energy and much more. Government agencies and business organizations today are in constant need of ethical hackers to combat the growing threat of IT security. A lot of government agencies, professionals and corporations now understand that if you want to protect the system, you can't do it just by closing your doors. The main benefit of ethical hacking is to prevent data from being stolen and misused by malicious attackers, as well as:

detect vulnerabilities from the attacker's POV so that weak points can be fixed.

Implementing a secure network that prevents security breaches. Trust organizations and developers to ensure their products and data security.

Ethical Hacking?

It's no big secret that any system, process, location, device, etc., can be hacked. To understand how a hack can happen and what the damage is, ethical hackers must think about how malicious hackers are and know the tools and techniques they will have to use.

Web-Application-Hacking

System Hacking

Web-Server-Hacking

Hacking-Wireless-Network.

What are the main concepts of ethical hacking?

Hacking experts follow four key protocol concepts:

Legal morning. Obtain approval prior to access and conduct a security assessment.

Define the target. Determine the scope of the assessment so that the pirated work remains ethically legal and within the approved boundaries of the organization.

To report nudity. Ensure proper organization of all vulnerabilities found in the assessment. Provide a remediation plan to resolve these vulnerabilities.

Regarding data sensitivity. Depending on the data's sensitivity, ethical hackers may agree to a non-disclosure agreement, in addition to other terms and conditions required by the organization.

How are ethical hackers different from malicious hackers?

Ethical hackers use their knowledge to protect and improve technology. ethical Hackers make sure any organizations for any vulnerabilities regarding the security breach.

Ethical hacking refers to vulnerabilities identified by the organization. Additionally, they provide remediation advice. In many cases, with the consent of the organization, ethical hacking requires re-testing to ensure that vulnerabilities are fully resolved.

Malicious hackers aim to gain unauthorized access to a resource (the more sensitive the better) for financial gain or personal recognition. Some malicious hackers disable websites or crash backend servers for games, causing reputational damage or financial loss. Methods of use and exposures found remain unreported. They do not care about improving security conditions.

What should ethical hackers have in their skills set and, which certifications an ethical hacker should obtain?

They often specialize, subject matter experts (SME) in a particular area within their ethical domain.

All ethical hackers should have:

Expertise in writing languages.

Advanced in operating systems.

For knowledge networking.

A solid foundation in information security principles.

Some of the most recognized and acquired certifications include:

Certified Ethical Hacking Certification

Offense Security Certified Customer (OSCP) Certification

CompTIA Security+

Criminal CCNA Security

SANS GIAC

What problems hacking identify?

When assessing the security of an IT asset(s), ethical hacking aims to play a role in the attacker. In doing so, the passengers seek to strike against the target. The initial objective is to enable the explorers to obtain as much information as possible.

When an ethical hacker collects enough information, they use it to search for vulnerabilities against the target. ethical Hackers used both combination of automated and manual testing to make sure assessment of a sophisticated systems, complex countermeasure technology that can be vulnerable.

They don't stop at revealing the revelations. Ethical hackers use things against vulnerabilities to prove how a malicious attacker exploits them.

Some of the cheapest vulnerabilities found by ethical hackers include:

Injection attack

Broken authentication

Security misconfigurations

Use of components with known vulnerabilities

Sensitive information disclosure

This documentation includes steps to patch or mitigate vulnerabilities found and steps to fix them.

What are some limitations of ethical hacking?

A narrow environment. Ethical hackers cannot progress beyond a specific target to attack. But it is not inappropriate to discuss a potential attack with the organization.

Resource constraints. Malicious hackers do not have the time constraints that ethical hackers often face. Computing power and budget are additional ethical constraints for hackers.

What a way. Some organizations ask experts to avoid test cases that lead to server crashes (eg, denial of service (DoS) attacks).

Cryptography For You

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Cryptography

Cryptography is the art of securing information and communications using codes so that only the person for whom it is intended can understand and process it. Hence preventing unauthorized access to information. The prefix "crypt" means "hidden" and the suffix "graphy" means "to write." Cryptography techniques are used to protect information based on mathematical concepts and rule-based calculations known as algorithms to convert messages in ways that make it difficult to decipher. These algorithms are used for cryptographic key generation, digital signing, verification to protect confidential information, websites on the Internet, and to protect confidential transactions such as credit card and debit transactions.

Techniques used for Cryptography:

In today's era of computers, cryptography is often associated with a process where ordinary plain text is converted to a known text, which text is made such that the receiver can only decode the intended text and therefore this process is known as encryption. The process of converting plain text to plain text is known here as decryption. The following are the features of Cryptography,

Confidentiality: Information cannot be accessed by the person to whom it is not intended, nor can anyone else access it.

Integrity: Information cannot be changed in storage or in transit between the intended recipient and sender without any additional information being detected.

Non-repudiation: The author/sender of the information cannot deny his intention to send the information later.

Authentication: authentication is the process in the cryptography identification of the sender and receiver are confirmed. Then the destination data source is confirmed.

Types of Cryptography:

The most common types of cryptography are three,

Symmetric Key Cryptography: In this type of cryptography, Encryption is a system in which the message sender and receiver use one common key to encrypt and decrypt messages. Symmetric key systems are faster and simpler, but the problem is that the sender and receiver somehow exchange the key in a certain way. The most popular system of symmetric key cryptography is the Data Encryption System(DES).

Subtract functions: There is no use of key in this algorithm. The subtraction value of the fixed length is calculated as per the plain text, which makes it impossible to receive the whole text. Many operating systems use encryption functions to encrypt passwords.

Asymmetric Key Cryptography: In the process of the asymmetric Key Cryptography a pair of keys is used for both encrypt and decrypt data or information. asymmetric Key Cryptography used public key for the encryption, and for decryption of the data or information private key is used. Public Key and Private Key are different. Even if the public key is known to everyone, the intended recipient can only decrypt it because only he knows the private key.

Applications of Cryptography:

Computer passwords

Digital Currencies

Secure web browsing

Electronic Signatures

authenticity

Cryptocurrencies

End-to-end encryption.

Cyber Security For You

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Cyber Security

Cyber security is used for the protection of the computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic systems, networks and data to stop the malicious attacks. The term is used in a variety of contexts, from business to mobile computing, and can be divided into a few general categories. Network security is the use of a computer network by intruders, whether targeted attackers or opportunistic malware. cyber security security for you is essential to keeping software and devices free of cyber attacks threats. The application was able to provide access to the data it was intended to protect. Successful security starts at the design stage, where the software or device is developed. cyber security for the protection of the integrity and confidentiality of data both in storage and in transmission. Operational security includes processes and decisions for handling and protecting data assets. The permissions users have network access and the procedures for determining how and where data is stored or shared all fall under this umbrella. Disaster recovery and business continuity define how an organization responds to a cyber-security incident or any other event that causes loss of operations or data. Disaster recovery strategies dictate how an organization restores its operations and returns information to the same operating capacity as before the event. Business continuity is a strategy in which an organization falls back as it tries to operate without certain resources. End-user education addresses the most underestimated factor in cyber-security: people. Someone can accidentally introduce a virus into system by not following good security practices. Teaching users to delete suspicious email attachments, not plug in unknown USB drives, and various other important lessons is vital to the cyber security of any organization.

Scale Of The Cyber Threat

The global cyber threat continues to evolve at a rapid pace, with the number of data developments rising each year. A RiskBased Security report revealed that a staggering 7.9 billion records were exposed to data breaches in the first nine months of 2019. This figure is more than double (112%) the number of records exposed during the same period in 2018. Medical edical services, retailers, and the public sector have experienced the greatest declines, with malicious criminals responsible for most of the causes. Some of these sectors are more appealing to cybercriminals because they collect financial and medical data, but all businesses that use networks can be targeted for data mining, corporate research, or customer attacks. As s the scale of the cyber threat continues to rise, the International Data Corporation predicts that worldwide spending on cyber-security solutions will reach $133.7 billion by 2022. Governments around the world have responded to the rise of the cyber threat with leadership. organizations to implement effective cyber-security practices. The importance of the monitoring system is echoed in the "10 steps of cyber security", a regulation issued by the U.K. the government's National Cyber Security Center. In Australia, TheAustralian Cyber Security Center (ACSC) regularly publishes guidance on how organizations can meet the latest security threats.

Types Of Cyber Threats

Threats to cyber security are threefold,

1. Cybercrime affects individual actors or groups financially

2. Cyber-attack often involves politically gathered information.

3. Cyberterrorism aims to subvert electronic systems to cause terror or fear.

So how do cyber attackers get control of your computer systems?

Malware

Malware means malicious software. One of the most common cyber threats, malware is cybercriminal or hacker software created to disrupt or damage a legitimate user's computer. Often delivered through unsolicited emails, or looking legitimate, malware can be used by cybercriminals to make money or in politically motivated attacks. There are several species of mallows, including,

Virus: it is a self-replicating program that attaches itself to a clean file and spreads through a computer system, infecting files with malicious code.

Trojans: A type of malware that masquerades as legitimate software. Cybercriminals load Trojans onto users computer where they can damage or collect data.

Adware: advertising software that can spread malware.

Botnets: networks of malware-infected computers that cybercriminals use to do things online without the user's permission.

SQL injection: it is a type of cyber-attack to hijack and steal SQL database data. They create cylinder-driven vulnerabilities in targeted applications to inject malicious code into the database via a malicious SQL statement, to get the sensitive information contained in the database by the attackers.

Phishing: it is used by the cybercriminals to target victims with emails that appear to be from a legitimate company asking for sensitive information. Phishing attacks are often used to trick people into handing over credit card information and other personal information.

Man in the middle attacks: A man-in-the-middle attack is a type of cyber threat where a cybercriminal intercepts communication between two people in order to steal information. For example, on an unsecured WiFi network, an attacker could intercept data from the victim's device and network.

Denied-of-attack: A denial-of-service attack is where cybercriminals prevent a computer system from fulfilling legitimate requests by overwhelming networks and traffic servers. This renders the system useless, so that it is less able to carry out the vital functions of government.