Gandhi Ethical Virtues Corruption Prevention In Public Life

Ethical Virtues Corruption Prevention

Ideal Human Ethical Behaviour Virtues

Ethical Behaviour Virtues are the philosophy developed by many philosopher in ancient. Ethical Behaviour Virtues help to understand living of moral character life. Ethical Behaviour Virtues developed by practice. Ideal Human Ethical Behaviour Virtues are honesty, bravery, generosity, and According to famous philosopher Aristotle the practicing of the Ideal Human Ethical Behaviour Virtues habits, make the people to take the right decision at right time, when faced ethical challenges.

Gandhi Ideal Human Ethical Behaviour Virtues

Mahatma Gandhi's life is considering as a model example of ethical and moral life. Mahatma Gandhi's life was based on Ideal Human Ethical Behaviour Virtues. Mahatma Gandhi lived his life without mixing of personnel and public life, following the Dharma of truth and nonviolence. Gandhi ji successfully led nonviolence movement against the moral degradation, racial discrimination, British colonial rule, and social economic exploitation. Mahatma Gandhi's famous Ethical Behaviour Virtues were the,

Truth.

Nonviolence.

Right Means and Right Ends.

Primacy of Duties over Right.

The Deed, not the Doer.

True Religion Universality and Brotherhood.

Aparigraha or Non-possession.

Yajna, Sacrifice and Service.

Satyagraha or Nonviolent Conflict Resolution.

Corruption In Public Life

Corruption roots start from the bureaucratic and political institutions and spread all over the country. Corruption misuse the government treasury, make administrative functions inefficient, and obstruct the national development. Corruption can be defined as a specific actions task and activities in bureaucratic and political institutions, that are used to abusing public office for personal and private gain. In corruption bribes are given by the private parties and personal to buy public things and services offered by central, local governments, and officials. In corruption bribes are given to buy the government contracts, subsidies for enterprises or personal individual. Bribes by private parties or personal for reducing amount of taxes and other fees collected by central and local governments. Bribes for issuance of specific license and granting of illegals activities permission by the government. Corruption can misuse the government treasury and assets, make administrative functions inefficient In bureaucracy, and obstruct the national development in the corrupt countries because of bribes to avoid taxes and fees, bad regulations to firms.

Corruption Prevention In Public Life

prevention of corruption in the public life can be minimize by the rule of law, effective management of public affairs, introducing integrity, transparency and accountability In Public specific services. adopting the principles of merit-based recruitment and promotion of civil servants, prescribing criteria for politician election to holding the public office, enhancing political parties funding transparency, introducing promoting codes of conduct for the public sector official, politicians and bureaucratic official assets declaring system. Additional measures for preventing corruption are, 

Codes of conduct.

Systems of rewards and incentives.

Accessibility.

Human resources management.

Citizen and stakeholder participation.

Open government and e-government.

Managing conflicts of interest.

Compliance-friendly environment.

Monitoring and oversight.

Accountability and scrutiny.

Individual Morality Effect On Public Life Decision

Morality Decision Making 

Individual Morality Effect And Public Life Decision

Everyone has Individual Morality values and a line between the personal and public life. Everyone like privacy and own morality values, but when a person goes into public life, he or she must putting the public's decision ahead of your own. Individual Morality values build on the basis of experiences, from childhood to present age and can be changed in future, according to future experiences. The individual Morality principles are the behavior of treat to others, seeking truth not lie, don't spend much more what you don't have, be honest keep your words, and don't take which is not your. Everyone has these Morality principles, but they can vary from person to person. The Public Life Decision making can be biased from individual Morality, but the person should try to keep away your individual Morality as much as possible in public life decisions making. Everyone should draw a line between personal and public life decisions making. an individual person should represent the practices of virtues, honesty and trustworthiness in both personal and private life decisions making. so the personal behavior of individual should be legitimate on the public decision making. a person can be unethical in private life, but he or she must be ethical in public life. Morality is a matter of understanding, what is good and what is evil. The virtue of character and morality is habits of behavior developed by proper training. who cheats in his personal life, can not be trusted in the public's business decisions making. the public life decision making should be based on the Morality and educational knowledge. What ethical dilemmas arise in the personal and public life, like a person took drugs many years previously, is it fit for public discussion making ? the public life decision making should to evaluate on the candidate's mental health The public should also be aware about the decision to gain maximum advantage.

WHO World Health Organisation Role In Corona Covid-19 Period

Covid-19 WHO Role Corona

World Health Organisation (W.H.0.) Role In Covid-19

WHO World Health Organisation played a very important role, during global pandemic Corona Covid-19 Period. How is the world health Organisation WHO responding to COVID-19 disease ? WHO's response to COVID-19 Coronavirus disease combatting, addresses the strategic response plan to find out the actions for countries across the world, how to prevention, surveillance, containment, treatment, and coordination about the Corona COVID-19 Pandemic. like Covid-19, the W.H.O. World Health Organisation  served as a central coordinating body during corona covid-19 period to guiding containment, declaring emergencies an making recommendations about Corona Covid-19 with countries, for sharing information of Covid-19 to scientists to address stop the outbreaks of Corona Covid-19. However the United States President has criticized WHO World Health Organization for miss handling the Corona COVID-19 Pandemic and has alleged that World Health Organisation actions were China centric. However despite of the many allegations, World Health Organisation (W.H.0) actions against the battle of Corona Covid-19 cannot be overlooked. In December 2019 China reported to the World Health Organisation  W.H.O about a cluster of pneumonia cases in the city of Wuhan situated in China. Simultaneously World Health Organisation sent technical assistance to all the countries in the world, how to detect, test and manage the Corona COVID-19 potential cases in their country. In the beginning of the Corona COVID-19 spread, the World Health Organisation WHO experts were mutually agreed about the threat perception of the Corona COVID-19 virus. Still World Health Organisation WHO declared Corona COVID-19 as a public health emergency of international concern on January 2020 for the world. In the month of January 2020 the World Health Organisation W.H.O. warned the all countries in the world, that the Corona COVID-19 virus had the potential to spread on global scale. Once it was declared by the World Health Organisation, that the Corona Covid-19 has become a global pandemic threat, the World Health Organisation W.H.O played an important role, as a central co-ordinating efforts to tackle the Corona COVID-19 virus pandemic. Then the World Health Organisation taken the preventive measures like lockdown and social distancing and curative measures like the medicines and the trial run of the Corona COVID-19 vaccine. The World Health Organisation W.H.O has effectively and efficiently delivered the role of a global health coordinating agency for the battle against the Corona COVID-19. We all know that, and should keep in mind that the World Health Organisation WHO relies heavily on Corona COVID-19 data, which was provided and filtered by the member states. However the China has had a historical aversion to transparency and sensitivity to international criticism on the cases of Corona Covid-19 pandemic.

India America 2+2 Dialogue Public Interest Litigation

India America 2+2 Dialogue

India America 2+2 ministerial dialogue

India America 2+2 Ministerial dialogue is the highest level institutional meeting mechanism between the India and United States of America. In the India America 2+2 ministerial dialogue, the defence minister, foreign minister and secretaries of India and United States take participate in the 2+2 ministerial dialogue. India and the United States of America, started the 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue Framework in 2017 to discuss and evaluate their strategic engagements. India America 2+2 ministerial dialogue consider as the acknowledgement of India's rise as an economic and strategic power by the United States of America. recently the third India America 2+2 ministerial dialogue was  held in New Delhi. The Key outcomes of the third India America 2+2 ministerial dialogue are, the backdrop of the ongoing standoff at LAC, the United States showed its support to India in defending its territorial sovereignty. The India America 2+2 ministerial dialogue also discussed the threats posed by China in the Indo-Pacific region, and the spread of Covid-19 pandemic. India signed the Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement (BECA) with the United States of America (USA). In the India America 2+2 ministerial dialogue, The Status of Afghanistan was also discussed to support for its peace process. Letter of intent regardıng cooperation in the field of traditional Indian medicınes was Signed. Agreement on the electronic exchange of customs data was also covered in the India America 2+2 ministerial dialogue. India holds 2+2 ministerial dialogue with the following countries, US, Japan and Australia. The goal of this India America 2+2 ministerial dialogue arrangement is to enhance high-level engagements on bilateral, regional, and global issues. It also consider strategic, defence, and security relationship between the India and the United States. Both countries at the forefront BECA will enable the exchange of geospatial data and information between the India and the United States. the exchange of geospatial data will help to improve the accuracy of India's missiles in precision strikes.

Every Publie Interest Matter Can Not Public Interest Matter

According to the Litigation Evaluation, Every matter of publie Interest cannot be a matter of public Interest. The main source of valuable mechanism to redress the problems and issues of the neglected, alienated and marginalized sections of the society is Public interest litigation (PIL). The main objective of the Public interest litigation (PIL) is to protect the fundamental rights of people, who are unable to approach the court. in the recent times we see that, the apex court has noticed the indiscriminate use of the Public interest litigation (PIL), with an oblique motive of serving a private interest or harming a most important people and industrialist. Former Chief Justice of India TS Thakur talk about the concern regarding the misuse of the Public interest litigation (PIL), now days people are using it as an instrument to settle scores with corporate rivals and also for the personal vendetta. the Public interest litigation (PIL) come under the Supreme Court's jurisdiction under Article 32. The Article 32 is not a panacea for all ills provided by Indian Constitution, but it is a remedy for violation of any fundamental rights. The misuse of Public interest litigation (PIL) has become quite increasing and genuine causes of PIL have been reducing.

UP Attracting Multi National Companies India's Diaspora

Multinational companies 

UP Efforts To Attracting Multi National Companies

 

UP Efforts to attracting multi national companies to boost the economy of the Uttar Pradesh ( UP )state because the labour migration during the Covid-19 pandemic. Due to the spread of Covid-19 pandemic and US-China trade war many global multinational companies are reviewing their sourcing from China. Due to the Covid-19 lockdown, nearly 3.8 million migrant labourers and workers  from Uttar Pradesh have returned to their towns home from other states of India. In this backdrop Uttar Pradesh government initiating many measures to attract the global multinational companies which are leaving from China. The Indian Government new initiative "Atmanirbhar Bharat" motivated UP government to cleared a new investment policy aimed to providing a better deal to industries. UP government has also formed an economic task force to atract investment and announced best easy economic packages for multinational companies to moving in Uttar Pradesh. UP has announced promises to reimburse state goods and services tax (SGST) by 200 to 300 per cent of the capital investment. The UP Government's new sector specific policies are yielding positive results and, UP attracted an investment of over Rs 50,000 crore during the most challenging Covid-19 pandemic period. Therefore as a result of Uttar Pradesh government efforts, the huge numbers of the migrant workforce could be get gainful employment in locally. The Uttar Pradesh Government major focus is on the backward region of Eastern UP and Bundelkhand regions. The UP Government's new policies will apply mainly in the backward region of Eastern UP and Bundelkhand regions. In Uttar Pradesh The total number of MSME are over 90 lakh. The new policies announced by the UP Government will benefit for MSME in Uttar Pradesh, and investment from the multinational companies could provide better job Opportunities for labour migrating from the other states. The major multinationals companies, that gave positive response to UP Government's effort to attract FDI, in which following multinational companies include, Lockheed Martin, Adobe Inc, Honeywell, Boston Scientific, Cisco System, FedEx and Canada has proposes an investment of over Rs 1000 crore around the Jewar airport. The Germany's most famous footwear brand Von Wellx, which has shifted out of China, planning to to set up its footwear unit in Agra. 

What Is India's Diaspora Policy Challenges

The India's diaspora policy is not new, India's diaspora policy took shape during the regime of Rajiv Gandhi, who take initiatives to inviting Indians from abroad to participate in the nation-building. During that time the provisions for PIO card, OCl card, Pravasi Bharatiya Divas and voting rights for Indian citizens, who are settled in abroad was provided during the regime of Rajiv Gandhi,  in the present time, the Indian government has launched "Know India Program" in 2016 for India's diaspora engagement. During present time the major challenges before India's diaspora are Citizenship, the majority of india's diaspora want to retain their Indian citizenship. The other India's diaspora challenge is consular issues demands for illegal gratification and ill treatment by customs and immigration officials. Cultural threat is also a India's diaspora challenge, that are deeply conscious of their rich cultural heritage and to maintain their cultural identity. Another India's diaspora challenge is racial attacks. The recent incidents of racial violence in Australia and Europe is a major concern for Indian diaspora. India's diaspora is the second largest diaspora in the world. The Global Migration Report 2020 has reported that, India is the largest country of international migrants with a 17.5 million strong diaspora across the world. India's diaspora provides the highest remittance of $78.6 billion, which is amounting to 3.4% of India's GDP.

Mamallpuram Summit On Line Of Actual Control And QUAD

QUAD

Mamallpuram Summit On Line Of Actual Control

Despite the high level Mamallpuram Summit between the India's Prime Minister Modi and the Chinese President, on line of actual control dispute has become more deppen after several years gap. What are the reasons bchind line of actual control dispute ? Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping organized a summit at Mamallapuram on second Indo-China informal summit in 2019. Both the two countries Leaders had an in-depth exchange of views on overall, long-term and strategie issues of global and regional importance. However after the mamallapuram summit, in next few months the tension between India and China started on longest ever border standoff at the Indo-China border in the eastern Ladakh. The major reasons behind the current dispute at Indo-China border line of actual control are, The areas of contention along the line of actual control (LAC) has a higher degree of strategic relevance for both the country. The following reasons for tension between India and China border are, DBO the only operation airfield close to line of actual control (LAC). the another reason is Chushul Valley has a vital airstrip at a height of over 13,000 feet, due to which China is irritating with the pace of India's infrastructure development along the Indo-China border. India's is constructing a new road to a high-altitude DBO air base field, this new road construction is seen as one of the main triggers behind the recent clash between the India and China at Galwan ghati. China is opposing India's strong presence near China belt and the new road project at DBO, which goes through Pakistan occupied Kashmir. The line of actual control issue is considering that China wanted to distract the attention of its people from growing internal discontent from the spread of Covid-19 pandemic in China. Historical patterns shows that China is willing to pick fights in order to weaken external anti-China coalitions behaviour in Bejing. China want to stop the India's development on the border dispute region. A 1996 Indo-China border agreement prohibited by the use of guns and explosives near the Indo-China border. This enabled the Chinese troops incursions at the line of actual control (LAC). after the nine months of military standoff at the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in Ladakh, now India and China have mutually agreed to synchronized and organized disengagement from the Indo-China border dispute.

What Is Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD) ?

What do you know about, what is Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD) ?  The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QSD) is an informal security forum between the four countries, the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD) members countries are United States, Japan, Australia and India. The idea of Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD) was given by the Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe in 2007. The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD) guiding principles are based on the secure rules based global order, Iiberal tradıng system and frecdom of navigation in Indo-Pacific region. The need to set up the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD) comes in the backdrop of growing Chinese influence in the world politics, the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD) members Malabar Military exercise played a important role in containment of growing influence of China in world politics? The increasing effects in the South China Sea. QUAD provide to India a powerful platform to advance its interests and involvement in East ASia, and make powerful coordination strategies between the powertul allies, and add strength to its Act East policy initiative. The Malabar Military armed forces exercise is a annual trilateral war exercise in which the United States, Japan and India take part since 1992. The Malabar Military armed forces exercise began to prevent the growing assertiveness of China in South and East China seas, and constant bullying of smaller South East Asian countries like Vietnam, and Philippines, which are under the hands of China. The long standoff military exercise in Himalayan borders the inclusion of Australia take part in 2020 Malabar Exercise. QUAD partnership has raised the strategic importance of Malabar For both India and Australia, who has present time strained relation with China. The Malabar exereise 2020 is a significant message to China, as a de facto military alignment of QUAD group. Military cooperation between QUAD countries is only a exercise to maintain regional peace and stability. The involvement of Australia into Malabar Military exercise is right step in right direction to containment of China in Indo-Pacific region, which will foo further New Delhi's strategic interests in the Indo-Pacific region.

Functions Of Finance Commission Pressure Groups Roles

Finance Commission 

Functions Of Finance Commission

What are the functions of Finance Commission? and role in Fiscal Federalism of India. Article 280 of the Indian Constitution provide power to the President of India to form a Finance Commission every fifth year. Finance Commission is a statuary and quasi-judicial body, which is set up mainly to describe the financial relations between the centre and the states. The major functions of Finance Commission is to recommend the President of India to the distribution of the net proceeds of taxes to be shared between the Centre and the States. The finance Commission principles is to given the grants and aids to the states out of the consolidated fund of India. The finance commission also measures the augment of the consolidated fund of a state to supplement resources of local bodies. Any matter of sound finance interest is referred to the President of India. the emerging role of Finance Commission in Fiscal Federalism In the recent years are the major concern for the Finance Commission to deal the following functions. The Vertical imbalance of the revenues distribution between the centre and the states. The Finance Commission measure different stages of horizontal development. imbalance between states, that were present between two or more States. The Finance Commission also reduces the development gap between the states. The scale of distribution of tax from 10% of the total tax receipts to the Centre in 1950, to drastically changed record 42% tax after the recommendations of the Fourteenth Finance Commission. These drastically changed in taxes receipts shows the seriousness and emerging role of Finance Commission in fiscal federalism. The finance commission also promote the spirit of cooperative federalism. The Finance Commission's recommendations are only of the advisory nature and have no binding on the government to implement the finance commission recommendations However most of the Finance Commission recommendations are accepted by the government since it is a constitutional body.

Major Pressure Groups Role In Indian Polities

Pressure group is a political interest group, which exerts pressure on the government or the decision policy makers for the fulfilment of their interests. There are many types of Pressure groups working in India. Pressure groups types are based on traditional social structure,like Dharma, cast, Language, Institutional, and Commercial groups. Sanathan Dharma Sabha, Parsee Anjuman, and Anglo-Indian Christian Association are the Dharma based pressure groups. Caste based pressure groups are Brahmin Sabha and the Nair society. Language pressure groups are Tamil Sangh and the Anjuman-e-Terraqi-e-Urdu. Workers or peasants pressure groups are All India Trade Union Congress, Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh and Kisan Sabha.Institutional pressure group is Civil Services Association, and Commercial pressure groups are FICCI and ASSOCHAM. Pressure groups use various tricks and tactics to exerts pressure on the government to fulfill their demands. Pressure groups are primarily constitutional and peaceful, they do Satyagraha, demonstrations, dharnas, strikes, and organizing public meetings, by the use of media and ereation of public opinion. Pressure groups play a very important role in the democratic functioning of a polity. Pressure groups role in Indian politics is indirect but very important. Pressure groups also promote, discuss, debate and mobilize public opinion on major public issues. Pressure groups act as an agents of Political Socialisation and primarily instrumental in interest articulation influence orientations of the people towards the political process. Pressure groups role in the legislative process is play an important role. Pressure groups are actively involved with administration through lobbying and consultations with Pressure groups by the government, help in improving the quality of governance.

E-Governance Administrative System Welfare Schemes Impact

E-Governance 

E-Governance Administrative System 

What you think about E-Governance Administrative System, Can e-governance be made more citizen centric participation in the administrative system more ? Citizen centric e-governance means the government services delivery though the eyes of the citizens. A citizen centric e-governance approach enables the government to improve citizen satisfaction by improving the citizen's service delivery in time bound manner. E-governance help much more the administrative system to provide citizen centric services through focussing on the vision of the citizens. Making most of the e-governance services available on citizen's portal should be Credible and faster delivery of citizen's services, giving access to right communication channels for the citizens.

Welfare Schemes Impact By Uttar Pradesh Government

Welfare Schemes Impact By Uttar Pradesh Government for the Scheduled Tribe (ST) population of Uttar Pradesh, which is according to 2001 census is only around one lakh, which nearly constituting a 0.1 per cent of the total population of Uttar Pradesh. The main Scheduled Tribe (ST) residing in UP are Tharu, Buksa, Bhotia, Jaunsari and Raji. On the other hand the Welfare Schemes Impact By Uttar Pradesh Government for the Scheduled Caste (SC) population of Uttar Pradesh, which is around 3.5 crore according to the 2001 census, which nearly constituting 21.1 percent of the total population of Uttar Pradesh. Many Welfare Schemes By Uttar Pradesh Government has launched significant bearing on the welfare of SC/ST population in the Uttar Pradesh state. In Uttar Pradesh the youth who belong to SC/ST population is getting skill training under the Kaushal Satrang Scheme launched by Uttar Pradesh government. The Yuva Hub Scheme of Uttar Pradesh government is providing employment to thousands of SC/ST skilled youth. The young population of Uttar Pradesh belong to SC/ST are eligible for a stipend of Rs 2500 under CM apprenticeship scheme. The Rani Lakshmi Bai Mahila Samman Kosh started by the Uttar Pradesh Government is addressing to the needs of women and girls, who are victims of heinous crimes. Under the Bhagya Lakshmi Yojana for poor SC/ST families the new born girls child are entitled to 50,000. During the Covid-19 pandemic the Uttar Pradesh government launched the Navin Rojgar Chhatri Yojana for an all-round development of the SC/ST Castes. Uttar Pradesh government has announced to launched a scheme to showcase the unique culture of its ethnic Tharu tribe, around the world. In health sector UP government has announced to depute Arogya Mitras at all primary health centres of Uttar Pradesh to inform people about government's health schemes. The entire tribal population in Uttar Pradesh has a lower literacy rate and the participation in work rate is also lower than that of all STs at the national level. the field of farming constitute the highest proportion (44.6 per cent) among the total tribal workers. The SC population is in Uttar Pradesh is predominantly rural. The work participation rate of the SC population of Uttar Pradesh is lower than that of all SCs at the national level. Recently the Uttar Pradesh government has decided to move 17 OBC list to Scheduled Caste, So that, to make them less vulnerable to competition as the SC group is smaller as compared to OBC.

ICT Role in government policies HRM Aspects Analysis

ICT HRM

ICT Role in government policies

In nowadays we see the concept of the e-governance, which is the application of Information Communications Technology (ICT) in governance. Which is commonly referred as e-governance. The Information Communications Technology (ICT) provide the SMART governance services in simple, moral, accountable, responsive and transparent manner. The implementation of the Information and Communications Technology in government's policies will leads Efficient and effective management of government policies and others social welfare schemes of the government. The use of the Information Communications Technology (ICT) reduces the cost of the day-to-day operations of the government and increase the revenue growth. By the use of Information Communications Technology government services delivery Improved and the efficiency of corruption in the administration reduced drastically. The Information Communications Technology (ICT) Empowering the citizens to get the information about any government policies and schemes. ICT Promoting Participative Democracy in India by strengthening social audit, Transparency and accountability of the administration. ICT assuring effective response of the government towards the citizen's problems and suggestions. The Information Communications Technology helping in Quicker execution and implementation of government policies and schemes. ICT Technology providing best solutions for day to day government functioning. The example of some ICT activities in governance are virtual meetings, virtual summits, virtual judiciary, Virtual executives meetings,remote inaugurations of various schemes, e-tendering, and online education. In the period of global Covid-19 pandemic, the information communication technology ICT provided the smooth and fast functioning of government and implementation of government policies. To take the Additional and Better use of the Information Communications Technology (ICT), we needs to focus on 6Cs of Information Technology which are, Computer density, Communication Connectivity, Cyber laws and Common sense, to take the highest benefits of the emerging information communication technology ICT In effective and well governed country in the twenty-first century.

Human Resources Management HRM Aspects Analysis

Human Resources Management HRM Represents the management of the human resources of a country, human resources generally refers to people, who contribute in the growth and economic development of the country. The role of Human Resource Management evolved in Indian for the supporting and managing payrolls and manpower in a strategic manner for the growth of the business and economy of the country. The major focus of Human resource management is on the development aspects. The aspect of Human resource management aims to harmonious balance between employee demands & organizational requirements for the overall development of the employees and organizations. The Human resource management includes various aspects such as, Investing in Talent, Greater Emphasis on employee development, Motivating the workforce, the Use of new advanced technology, Competency development, Work-life balance, and reducing the demand-supply gap etc. The others aspects of the Human resource management is Socio economic upliftment of people through various poverty alleviation programs, urban slum development, and rural development programmes. The Human resource management is also contributes improvement in the field of Startup India, Standup India, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Swaniyojan Yojana, which are the major projects of the Indian Government Therefore the effective management of human resources of any country leads to vital prosperity for its people and economic growth.

Why President Cannot Dictator NGOs Role In Rural Development

President NGOs 

Why President Cannot Be Dictator In India

According to the Indian Constitutional framework The President is the Head of the state, while Prime Minister is the Head of Government. The Supreme Court has consider that the position of the President in India, According to the Constitution is similar to the position of Crown in the British Parliamentary system. In the Constitution, Article 74(1) clearly defined that there shall be a Council of Ministers with Prime Minister to aid and advice President in exercise of his duties and functions. Therefore Indian President is a ceremonial head who can do nothing against the advice of Council of Ministers or can not do anything without the advice of Council of Ministers and prime minister. In the case of any abuse of power by the President, he can be removed from the office by impeachment through the Parliament. The Indian Government has a President but not a Presidential form of Government like as in the United States of America. According to the Indian Constitution the President is the head of the State but not head of the Executive. The President represents the nation but does not rule on the nation. The role of President in Indian democracy is impartial and above the party politics, he influence the decisions of the Prime Minister. The President has many exclusive legislative, executive and judicial powers but he can not be emerge as a dictator, because there are many sufficient checks and balances on the president powers.

NGOs Role In Rural Development

The Non Governmental Organisations (N.G.Os) are playing a important role in implementing the social welfare and rural development schemes in India or other underdeveloped nations. The major areas of Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in which they work, are micro-finance, micro insurance, and micro entrepreneurship activities for the overall development of the rural areas in the underprivileged and underdeveloped nations. the Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) generate their own finance, NGOs work have a better credibility and access in the rural areas. Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) are take part in many community development programs like, adoption of villages for development, relief work during natural disasters and welfare of the people. NGOs make a direct link between villages and government for implementing the government's welfare schemes and marketing of the goods. Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) also take part in the government's policy planning, because they better known the real impediments of rural development. NGOs are also doing well In the agriculture sector activities involving the distributing planting materials, cattle, poultry, minor irrigation, free medical care for cattle etc. Therefore Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) are playing a diverse role in the rural development of the underdeveloped nations, and they are required better support by the government and civil society. In India Uttar Pradesh has the highest number of NGOs in the country, which are in numbers over 5.5 lakhs. NGOs consider as a voice of marginalised and exploited people and NGOs help those marginalised and exploited people in accessing justice. NGOs reduce the caste divides in the rural areas by promoting common welfare programmes

Article 32 Indian Constitution Heart And Soul

Heart And Soul Of Indian Constitution Article 32

Article 32 is known as the Heart and soul of indian Constitution. Article 32 includes the fundamental rights of individuals, that come under Part III of the Indian Constitution. It allows an individual to direct approach the Supreme Court, if he or she believes that his or her fundamental rights have been violated. Article 32 gives the power to an individual to safeguard and protect the fundamental rights of the individual. violation and enactment of the Fundamental Rights the constitutional weapons Writs, are being performed both by The Supreme Court and The High Court under Article 32 and 226 to issue directions, orders for the enforcement of the fundamental rights. Article 32 is also called the Right to Constitutional Remedies. Dr B.R. Ambedkar had said, that without article 32 the Constitution would be a nullity, Article 32 is the heart and soul of the Indian Constitution. The fundamental rights are guaranteed under Article 32, and cannot be suspended unless provided for by the Constitution.In the judgment of the L. Chandra Kumar vs Union Of India case, a bench of seven judges had declared that Article 32 is an integral and essential feature of the Constitution basic structure. During the 1975 Emergency, in the ADM Jabalpur vs Shivakant Shukla case, a bench of five judges of the Supreme Court, had ruled out that the Article 32 constitutional remedies would remain suspended during a national emergency. People will not be able to enforcement of their fundamental rights. In the 1977 Janata Party passed the 44th Amendment to restore the Constitution. the 44th Amendment said that an emergency could only be proclaimed after the prime minister and his or her cabinet gave a written advice to the president. Unlike in 1975 the prime minister alone taken a decision of  an emergency proclamation, without any written explanation and without consent of the cabinet. The article 32 constitutional remedies provided to the citizens is the most powerful immediate effects orders to protect the fundamental rights engrafted in the Indian Constitution. Article 32 ensures that no citizen's fundamental rights will be left unheard and deprived of being the citizens of an independent country.

Glacier Role In Shaping High Mountain Area Landform

Glacier Shaping High Mountain Area Landform

Glaciers are moving bodies of ice and high amounts of rock and sediment, that can change landscapes by forming sculpt mountains and carve valleys. In the past glaciers have covered more than one third part of Earth's surface, and continue to flow and shaping high mountain area landforms. Past glaciers have created a variety of landforms such as, 

U-Shaped Valleys, and Hanging Valleys

Glaciers erode carve a set of distinctive, flat-bottomed, steep-walled valleys like Oolah Valley, which is also called the Gates of the Arctic National Park AK, is an example of a U-shaped valley and hanging valleys.

Cirques

Cirques are made by glacier in the shape of bowl or amphitheater. Glaciers depressions carve mountains side wall and set high elevations to form the Cirques. Dixie Pass Trail, Wrangell-St Elias National Park, AK is an example of cirques.

Nunataks and Horns

Nunataks areas and horns are formed by the glacial erosion in areas, where many numbers of glaciers flow in multiple directions, and form stark, rocky outcrops above it. Lake McDonald Glacier National Park, MT, is the example of nunataks and horns.

Lateral and medial moraines

Lateral and medial moraines are formed by the glacially transported rock and debris, on the sides of glacier's boundary between two edges tributary of glaciers.

Glacial Till and Glacial Flour

Glaciers till blankets or flour are made by the sediments produced through glacial grinding. Glacial till contains sediments of tiny particles smaller than a grain of sand to large boulders, Glacial flour is the smallest size of sediment smaller than sand. the milky colored of the rivers water is due to the fed by glaciers flour.

Glacial Erratics

Glacial Erratics are chunks of rocks that are picked up by  Glaciers and transport over long distances. Where these rocks are found known as glacial erratics.

Paternoster Lakes

Paternoster lakes valley is made by the glacial erosion in small basins scooped out by the glacier. Lyell Glacier's lakes in Yosemite National Park, CA is the example of Paternoster Lakes.

Kettles

Kettles are formed when glacier recedes, and sediment from the glacier deposited in a flat area, which forms an outwash plain. known as kettles, Lamar Valley Yellowstone National Park, WY Lake is an example of Kettle.

Drumlins

Drumlins are formed by glacier flow, Drumlins are hills of sediment, which are generally a streamlined quarter mile or more in length. Spectacle Island in Boston Harbor National Park is an example of a drumlin.

Outwash Plains and Eskers

Outwash plains and eskers are formed by the flow of meltwater in front of or beneath the glacier ice. Outwash Plains and Eskers are the result of glacial sediments composition, reworked by glacier's melting flowing water. Tana Glacier Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, AK create Outwash Plains and Eskers.

Reverse Migration COVID-19 Lockdown Social Economic Impacts

Reverse Migration

Reverse migration is defined as the migration of people from urban areas to rural areas. While the right direction of migration is from rural areas to urban areas. In March 2020, due to COVID-19 pandemic lockdown migration patterns dramatically changed in reverse direction. job losses due to the anticipation of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns, mass movement of migrants rushed to get home, from Europe, the Gulf, North America, and Domestic migrants took trains or by foot from big cities in India back to their towns and villages.

COVID-19 Lockdown Social Economic Impacts

The spread of COVID-19 pandemic has threatened human lives across the globe. the COVID-19 Lockdown disrupted livelihoods, trade, economy and businesses across across the world. Socio-Cultural Impacts due to the Physical isolation by the COVID -19 pandemic lockdowns have led to depression, alcoholism, substance abuse, and in some cases suicides. poor and disadvantaged groups suffers more by the COVID -19 lockdown. migrant workers stuck at national and international borders, while returning to their own homes and faced the unfair treatment, rage, negative psychological impacts, of the Covid -19 pandemic. The global economy is heading toward a severe unprecedented economic crisis due to the COVID-19 Lockdown. As the global social economic conditions have been profoundly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. all countries in the world have faced difficulties due to Covid-19, but the South Asian countries due to their large population have faced more challenging situation like health care problem, increase poverty rates, lack of water and sanitation, and inadequate living space to follow the social distancing to stop the spread of the Covid -19 virus, imposed of stringent COVID -19 lockdowns, affected the lives and livelihoods of millions of people in the South Asian countries. Covid-19 Lockdown impacts on social and economic sectors including migration, tourism, informal sector, agriculture and rural livelihoods dwindling micro-small and medium industries, and informal businesses, included closure of offices, restaurants, hotels, schools, colleges and education institutions, international borders, suspension of visas, complete international and domestic travel ban, ban on public gatherings. huge sources of foreign exchange have also been affected significantly due to the Covid-19 pandemic lockdown.